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Inhaltsverzeichnis
DH
Determines a list of Denavit Hartenberg parameters and the corresponding coordinate systems from a list of revolute joint axes.
If static calibration is used the determined joint axes origins and points are determined in local coordinates to the coordinate systems of its corresponding joint axes.
The x- and z-Axes of the base coordinate system (and its origin) are determined by the general attribute „coordinateSystem“.
Attributes
Name | Type | Description | optional |
---|---|---|---|
name | String | name of the element | No |
method | String | Different variants of Denavit Hartenberg parameterisation exists. The most used one named „distal“ and defines the coordinate systems at the distal end of the segments. The x-axes of the the corresponding coordinate systems are upright to both adjusting joint axes. An importend variant is named as „modified“. Its x-axes are upright only to one of the two adjoining joint axes. The default method is „distal“ and is used if to method is explicitly defined by usage this attribute. | Yes |
xAxesDirections | Comma separated list of Strings | List of x-axis direction expressions. | No |
jointAxes | Comma seperated List of Strings | List of joint axes element names with an optional „-“ as an prefix which indicates the the direction of the axis should be negated. Die position of the first axis is used as origin of the base coordinate system. | No |
calibrateIncludes | name of a switch | Name of a switch to define the static calibration trial with the normal pose of the robot arm | Yes |
nominalD | Comma seperated list of double values >=0, NaN included | Used for method=„modified“ only. List of nominal values useful to set to values >=0 for nearly parallel joint axes. There exist no d0-value. In consequence the list has minus one elements compared with the count of joint-axes. Set values to „NaN“ if the corresponding axes are not nearly parallel which allows automated determination of the d-value. | Yes |
lastD | REAL | Used for classical Denavit Hartenberg method only. Defines the last d parameter in [mm]. This parameter can not be estimated. It is assumed that the last coordinate system (the CS of the TCP) has the same z-direction as the last joint axis (r==0, alpha==0). The parameter d is the translation of the origin of the last joint axis in direction of this axis. If the parameter is not set it is automatically set to (0d,0d,0d) which results in a TCP coordinate system identical to the wrist2 CS, but a warning is written into the log. | Yes |
signR | Comma seperated list of boolean values „true“ or „false“ | This allows to switch the sign of r-vector, default should be false. Especially in the case of DH-classical the calculation of the theta angles is based on a flipped r-vector/x-axis if the signR attribute is set to „true“. | Yes |
Origin | VECTOR_3D | Mathematical expression of the origin of the base coordinate system. | No |
X0Axis | VECTOR_3D | Mathematical expression defining the x-axis of the base coordinate system, fixed on the base segment, rotating with the rotation of the base joint. This can be determined in a static calibration trial and fixed to the base cluster. | No |
Methods
Name | Description |
---|---|
classical | This is the default method. This defines coordinate systems at the distal end of the links and the x-axes are orthogonal to both adjacent joint-axes. |
modified | The modified version of the Denavit Hartenberg parameterisation defines coordinate systems at the proximal side of the links. The x-axes are orthogonal only to its corresponding coordinate system (joint axis). |
Generated trajectories
Name | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
<name>XAxis<Index> | Vector3d | X-axes directions, as defined by the attribute (expression) „xAxisDirections“. |
<name>Alpha<Index> | Double | alpha (twist angle) in [deg] |
<name>Theta<Index> | Double | theta (joint angle) in [deg] |
<name>D<Index> | Double | d (displacement or link offset) in [mm] |
<name>R<Index> | Double | r (link length) in [mm] |
<name>O<Index> | Vector3d | Origin of the Denavit Harteberg based coordinate system. |
<name>P<Index> | Vector3d | Endpoint of the previous x-axis on the z-axis. |
Generated parameters
If the attribute „calibrateIncludes“ is used, the following parameters are determined as mean/std values over the complete trial, which is assumed to be a static trial.
Name | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
<name>P<Index>Mean | Vector3d | Position on the joint axis, where the x-axis of the previous joint ends, in local coordinates of the CS to the correspoinding joint axis. |
<name>O<Index>Mean | Vector3d | Origin of the DH-coordindate system in local coordinates of the CS to the corresponding joint axis. |
<name>Alpha<Index>Mean | Double | alpha (twist angle) in [deg] |
<name>Theta<Index>Mean | Double | theta (joint angle) in [deg] |
<name>D<Index>Mean | Double | d (displacement or link offset) in [mm] |
<name>R<Index>Mean | Double | r (link length) in [mm] |
<name>Alpha<Index>Std | Double | alpha (twist angle) std in [deg] |
<name>Theta<Index>Std | Double | theta (joint angle) sd in [deg] |
<name>D<Index>Std | Double | d (displacement or link offset) std in [mm] |
<name>R<Index>Std | Double | r (link length) std in [mm] |
Example
<DH name="mDHSARA" method="modified" xAxesDirections="GlobeX,BaseX,ShoulderX,ElbowX,Wrist1X,Wrist2X,TCPX" jointAxes="GlobeZ,BaseAxisSARA,ShoulderAxisSARA,ElbowAxisSARA,WristAxis1SARA,WristAxis2SARA,TCPAxisSARA" calibrateIncludes="static_calibrate1" nominalD="NaN, 0.0, 0.0, NaN, NaN, 0.099381832"/>
<DH name="DHSARA" method="classical" xAxesDirections="GlobeX,BaseX,ShoulderX,ElbowX,Wrist1X,Wrist2X,TCPX" jointAxes="GlobeZ,BaseAxisSARA,ShoulderAxisSARA,ElbowAxisSARA,WristAxis1SARA,WristAxis2SARA,TCPAxisSARA" Origin="UROrigin" X0Axis="URXAxis" calibrateIncludes="static_calibrate1" lastD="99.9"/>
Generated parameters
The mean/std values of the following table are calculated, if the attribute „phase“ is set and also the attribute average=„true“ or meanStd=„true“. If the last attribute is set than also the corresponding std-values are calculated. All values are are based on mean-values for each phase. These mean-values are averaged and also the std for this mean is determined.
Name | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
<name>Alpha<Index>PhasesMean | REAL | alpha in [deg]; for each phase the mean is calculated; than the mean of all of these values is determined. |
<name>Alpha<Index>PhasesStd | REAL | For each phase the mean is calculated; than the mean of all of these values is determined and the std of this mean is determined. |
<name>Theta<Index>PhasesMean | REAL | theta in [deg]; for each phase the mean is calculated; than the mean of all of these values is determined. |
<name>Theta<Index>PhasesStd | REAL | theta in [deg]; for each phase the mean is calculated; than the mean of all of these values is determined and the std of this mean is determined. |
<name>D<Index>PhasesMean | REAL | D in [mm]; for each phase the mean is calculated; than the mean of all of these values is determined. |
<name>D<Index>PhasesStd | REAL | std for each phase the std is calculated; than the mean of all of these values is determined and the std of this mean is determined. |
<name>R<Index>PhasesMean | REAL | R in [mm]; for each phase the mean is calculated; than the mean of all of these values is determined. |
<name>R<Index>PhasesStd | REAL | R in [mm]; for each phase the mean is calculated; than the mean of all of these values is determined and the std of this mean is determined. |
FKDH
This element defines a cartesian coordinate system based on a parent coordinate system and by Denavit-Hartenberg convention.
Attributes
Attribute | Type | Description | Required |
---|---|---|---|
name | String | Name of the element | Yes |
coordinateSystem | String | Defines the the reference coordinate system by its name. | Yes |
alpha | Comma seperated list of REAL variable (trajectorie) names. | Denavit-Hartenberg parameter theta | Yes |
deltaTheta | Comma seperated list of REAL values | Angle in static neutral pose between Denavit Hartenberg x-axis ® and the corresponding joint angle measurement by the robot. | Yes |
theta | Comma seperated list of REAL value names | Denavit-Hartenberg parameter | Yes |
d | Comma seperated list of REAL values | Denavit-Hartenberg parameter | Yes |
r | Comma seperated list of REAL values | Denavit-Hartenberg parameter | Yes |
Generated trajectories
Name | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
<name><index> | MATRIX_3X3D | Representation of the three orthogonal orientation axes of the determined local coordinate system (columns of the matrix) |
<name>Position<index> | COLUMN_VECTOR_3D | Origin of the coordinate system |
For the last coordinate system trajectories are created without the index as a suffix. This system can be accessed by further calcmodel elements.
Example
<FKDH name="BaseUR" coordinateSystem="GLOBE" alpha="0.5,90,0,0" deltaTheta="1.0,3.4,2" d="0.145,7089234,0892734" r="0.234,5123,123"/>
An alternative to use this element is to use the corresponding function:
<CoordinateSystem name="BaseUR" Pose="dhm(Angle0, DH_alpha0, DH_d0, DH_r0)"/>